The GSM-R System integrates technology, processes and people. It uses a specially-designed FTN (Fixed Telecoms Network) and mobile technology that includes trackside radio base stations, cab and fixed terminal equipment, and central switching equipment.
Processes range from journey registration and operational messaging to prioritising driver-signaller communications, ensuring priority is given to the most important messages and calls. The people involved include train drivers and managers, signallers and signalling managers, route and electrical controllers plus maintenance, telecoms and train preparation staff, amongst others.